Orphan Crisis in the Philippines

The Philippine population was expected to reach 109,991,095 at the end of 2021. Among these were children, who were abandoned and still looking for their forever families.

According to data from the Philippines Orphanage Foundation, out of the over 109 million population in the country, there were at least 2 million orphaned children.

Moreover, there was an average of only 139 Filipino orphan children adopted per year from 2014 to 2018.

Data from the US State Department showed that between 2009-2015, there were 1,350 Filipino children adopted by American Families.

Why are there many orphans in PH? To understand what the Philippines Orphanage Foundation called the "orphan crisis in the Philippines," it listed some factors that might be continuing to contribute to the still increasing number of orphans in the Philippines.

One of the four factors cited by the foundation was natural disasters—such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, floods, droughts, and landslides—which occur in the country throughout the year.

The Philippines, according to a study published on the Tropical Cyclone Research and Review journal by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee (TC) and the Shanghai Typhoon Institute of the China Meteorology Administration (STI/CMA), is in fact "one of the world’s natural hazard hot spots" and faces "more natural hazards" than other countries.

Every year, an average of 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine area of responsibility.

Natural disasters have affected millions of individuals in the country during the past years. Among them are the children—some of whom lose parents or family members when disasters strike.

"Such drastic storms destroy homes, villages, and families. Often the survivors are the children, minus their parents," the foundation said.

"Natural disasters routinely give birth to orphans," it added.

Executive Order No. 141 signed last year by President Rodrigo Duterte cited figures from the Philippine Statistics Authority, which showed that there were 183,967 live births in 2018 and 180,916 in 2019 among teenagers.

The figures translate to an average of 504 live births per day for minors aged 10 to 19 years old in 2018 and 495 live births per day for the same category in 2019.

During the pandemic, PopCom warned that more teenagers might get pregnant as lockdowns forced them to stay at home and spend more time with their partners.

When the data came out, authorities were more alarmed: PopCom said that pregnancy among girls aged below 15 increased by 7 percent in 2019.

"These young girls are almost completely unprepared for motherhood and often have no place to turn except to give up the baby they just nurtured for nine months," said the foundation.

"This is a situation worth crying over," it added.

The foundation likewise pointed out poverty as one of the reasons for the continuing increase in the number of Filipino orphans.

"[T]here is a never-ending cycle of poverty that leads to parents having to give up their children in hopes they will have a better life somewhere else," the foundation noted.

"There is little doubt that poverty creates a culture for the creation of orphans," it added.

Some parents who are not able to care for their children and are unable to adequately provide for their children were left with no other choice but to "resort to placing their children in orphanages in the hopes that they will have better lives."

Who may adopt? Filipino citizens are allowed to adopt Filipino children, who are below 18 years of age, under Republic Act (RA) No. 8552.

Meanwhile, foreign citizens or families are allowed to adopt Filipino children, who are below 15 years of age, under RA 8043.

But who exactly may adopt in the country?

According to Philippine laws, individuals or couples must be of legal age or at least 16 years older than the adoptee, and must have the following qualification:

• in possession of full civil capacity and legal rights
• of good moral character
• has not been convicted of any crime involving moral turpitude
• emotionally and psychologically capable of caring for children.

However, the age gap may be waived when the adopted is the biological parent of the adoptee or is the spouse of the adoptee’s parent.

Foreign adoptees, on the other hand, must possess the same qualities required for Filipino adopters. However, foreign individuals or couples must be from countries that have diplomatic relations with the Philippine government.

Moreover, adopters of other nationalities will be qualified to adopt, in compliance with the following qualification:

• The foreign individual or couple has been living in the Philippines for at least three continuous years "prior to the filing of the application for adoption and maintains such residence until the adoption decree is entered;"
• has been certified by the diplomatic or consular office or any appropriate government agency, stating that the foreign individual or couples have the legal capacity to adopt in his/her or their country;
• the foreign government allows the adoptee to enter the foreign country as the individual or couple’s adopted son or daughter.

The qualifications for foreign adopters may be waived if:

• the individual or couple is a former Filipino citizen who seeks to adopt a relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity
• if the individual seeks to adopt the legitimate son or daughter of his or her Filipino spouse
• if the individual is married to a Filipino citizen and seeks to adopt jointly with his or her spouse a relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity of the Filipino spouse.